Morphology and classification of bacteria microbiology module microbiology notes fig. This simple enclosure can be found only by species living within eukaryotic cells such as mycoplasma spp. However, some bacteria are variable in shape and have a single characteristic form. In this article we have complied various notes on bacteria. During that period many of the bacteria that cause human disease were identified and characterized. The structure of this trimeric porin showed the archetypical fold of 16 tilted. Structure and classification of bacteria microbiology. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology and it is a branch of microbiology. The peptidoglycan layer is thick effect of dye do not retain the crystal violet dye, and react only with a counterstain, generally stain pink. Cell wall cell membrane ribosomes nucloid meosome periplasm capsule and glycocalyx pili flagella endospore plasmid granule. Bacterial classification, structure and function introduction the purpose of this lecture is to introduce you to terminology used in microbiology. Discuss the distinguishing characteristics of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
The growth and survival of bacteria is dependent on the cells ability to adapt to environmental changes. Discover everything scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. This results in dental plaque and many bacteria can stick to tooth surfaces and cause decay once s. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Some bacteria can cause diseases for human, animals and plants.
The dried smoked fish dsf samples showed the mean bacteria count. First, that the same weighting would be obtained by giving equal weight to each of the. The cell envelope encloses the protoplasm, comprising the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic inclusions such as. Feb 07, 2016 bacteria are single cellular microscopic organisms. Dec 11, 2009 a bacterial genome typically comprises a single circular dna molecule, usually between 1. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent.
Bacteria have a cell wall, with no internal organs or body parts, and can be many shapes. Students learn and understand the significance of bacterial isolation in applied biotechnology. These are called pleomorphic corynbacterium, arthrobacter. Cell structure and function in the bacteria and archaea 4 our planet has always been in the age of bacteria, ever since the first fossilsbacteria of coursewere entombed in rocks more than 3 billion years ago. At the clarendon press, 1900, by alfred fischer, trans. Eukaryote cell difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The core region is the same for a species of bacteria. Gross morphology and fine structures free download as powerpoint presentation. Streptococcus pyogenes cocci in irregular group clusters called staphylococci e. Characteristic gramnegative bacteria grampositive bacteria wall structure they have a thin lipopolysaccharide exterior cell wall.
Streptococcus mutans produces a slime layer in the presence of sucrose. Bacterial porins have been studied in great detail since many years. A bacterial genome typically comprises a single circular dna molecule, usually between 1. Initially the bacterial cell reaches a critical mass in its structure and cellular constituents.
Useful notes on the morphology of bacteria discussion. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 3. The bacteria are allowed to grow before storing in the refrigerator or are covered with paraffin oil and stored at room temperature in the dark. Describe how staining and biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria. The information encoded in one bacterial genome directs all functions necessary to maintain a functional and self. Notes over bacteria which includes presentation slides. Bacteria are too small to be identified or studied in an optical microscope, but can be studied with an electron microscope.
Following isolation of bacteria, students characterize the bacteria with household disinfectant products and antibiotics. When your hands are dirty, wash them with soap and running water. The cell division mechanism resembles that of typical gramnegative bacteria. Introduction to the bacteria universitas negeri yogyakarta. Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, also produces. On any possible, reasonable criterion, bacteria areand. Chapter 2 structures of nucleic acids nucleic acids. This book may seem like three or four books even though the main cus is on a specialized topicthe bacterial cell wall. The bacterial cell structures at the external side of the cell wall include flagella, fimbriae pili, and capsule slime layer i flagella. A sample of various bacterial shapes is shown below. Count to 20 while sudsing to give the soap a chance to work. The o antigen distinguishes serotypes stains of a bacterial species e. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. The information encoded in one bacterial genome directs all functions necessary to maintain a functional and selfreplicating living system, from basic tasks such.
Cell wall structure of gram positive and gram negative bacteria compared. Morphology and ultrastructure of a bacterial cell with. Bacteria are minute, microscopic, simple, unicellular prokaryotic organisms occurring as saprophytes and parasites on a wide range of habitats. Its job is to formulate the innovations that caused life to initiate on earth, those that caused cell physiology to develop without diversity developing, those that allowed the murein walls of the cells to arise, those that led to the separation of the domain of bacteria. Round or oval bacteria when multiply, cocci may form. The average volume of a bacterial cell is 1 cubic micron. In contrast, strictly anaerobic bacteria grow only in conditions where there is minimal or no oxygen present in the environment. Cover different classification schemes for grouping bacteria, especially the use of the gram stain 2.
Structure and classification of bacteria please click the image for large view in new window bacterial classification is important, revealing the identity of an organism so that its behaviour and likely response to treatment can be predicted. To name the general structures, and polymers that make up bacterial cell walls. They have a different cell structure, but most of them come under two basic shapes like bacillus or cocci. Based on the difference in cellular organization and biochemistry, the kingdom protista has been divided into two groups namely prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The bacterium, despite its simplicity, contains a welldeveloped cell structure which is. Bacterial cells are generally surrounded by two protective coverings.
On any possible, reasonable criterion, bacteria areand always. Lipid a is identical for related bacteria is similar for all gramnegative enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial classification, structure and function columbia university. Bacteria and bluegreen algae are prokaryotes, while fungi.
Bacteriophages viruses that infect bacteria have very specific hosts and can be use to id bacteria. Compare and contrast classification and identification. Explain the scientific naming differentiate between culture, clone, and strain. To explain the differences between gram negative and gram positive cells. Morphology of flagella size 520m long, width17nm parts filament made of flagellin semirigid, forms a left handed helix and exits the cell hook acts as a sleeve from which the filament emerges transmits rotatory motion from basal body to filament basal body consists of m,s,p,l rings connected by a rod shaped structure in gram positive bacteria only 2 rings.
But most cells are surrounded in addition by a thick cell wall the grampositives and another. Natural selection has fine tuned the structure of the gas vesicle to maximise its. The morphology and fine structure by patrick echlin botany department, university of cambridge a study has been made of the morphology and fine structure of young and old cells of the apoplastidic alga glaucocystis nostochinearum itzigsohn which contains endophytic bluegreen algae. Components of bacteria structure components of bacteria function of each component demonstration of different structure structure slide 3. Properties and classification of microorganisms since the cell is the basic unit of all living things, you might think it is a simple structure.
Grampositive,gramnegative it depends on the ability of ethanol to extract iodine crystal violet complexes from bacterial cell walls. Relate bacterial cell wall structure to the gramstaining reaction. The structure and functions of bacteria oxford, uk. Differentiate among eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral species. For this lecture you should focus on the major concepts and not on the. Anatomy of bacteria cell any bacterial cell whether it is a coccus or a bacillus will have some structures common. Outside, and closely covering this, lies the rigid, supporting cell wall. The circular double stranded dna of bacteria undergoes replication, where both the strands separate and new complementary strands are formed on the original strands results in the formation of two identical double stranded dna fig. This unit covers bacterial structure, types of bacteria, bacterial reproduction, and historical information on the germ theory, penicillin and antiseptics. Laboratory manual of standardized methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests for bacteria isolated from aquatic animals and environment. Common structures bacteria cell transfer dna under protein conjugation f or sex pili plasmids extrachromosomal dna dna chromosomes genetic material dna carbohydrate, lipid, protein, salts reservelager for n.
Bacteria such as bacteroides found in the large bowel are examples of anaerobes. Nuclear material is present in each bacterial cell, but there is no nuclear membrane or nucleolus. Many bacteria in young cultures, show a mixture of several integrating forms, besides the original structure of the parent type. The low electrondensity regions in the cell are actually the denselypackaged dna regions, called nuclearbodies or nucleoids. The bacteria, when treated with antibiotic or they are attacked by the bacteriophages or by cold shock they sometimes, develop unusual, soft, protoplasmic forms of various. Gram positive bacteria firmicutes, actinobacteria, includes species with gram negative walls. Introduction to the bacteria bacteria are often maligned as the causes of human and animal disease like this one, leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock. Isolation and identification of bacteria in retailed smoked fish, within bauchi metropolis. Common structures bacteria cell transfer dna under protein conjugation f. These structures are thought to help cells attach to their target environment. Cohn divided the bacterial into four types based on their shapes in 1872. Bacteria are single cell organisms between 1 5 microns in size. Microbiology module morphology and classification of bacteria microbiology 2 notes zmost bacteria possess peptidoglycan, a unique polymer that makes its synthesis a good target for antibiotics zprotein synthesis takes place in the cytosol with structurally different ribosomes fig.
These bacteria are shaped like flate, square to rectangular box about 2 m to 4 m and only 0. The cell is complex in its makeup and its function. Coppen jones multiple formats at page images at hathitrust. Find types bacteria bacteria classified into 5 stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. These structures are cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and the chromosome. Bacterial structure characteristic gramnegative bacteria grampositive bacteria wall structure they have a thin lipopolysaccharide exterior cell wall. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Fine structure of thermus aquaticus, an extreme thermophile.
Bacteria are single cellular microscopic organisms. The gram staining method was first described in 1844 by the danish bacteriologist hans christian gram, after whom the test was named. Facultatively anaerobic bacteria can grow in high oxygen or low oxygen content and are among the more versatile bacteria. Flagella are thin, hairlike appendages that originate from a granular structure, the basal body which is present just beneath the plasma membrane. Bacterial skin infections public health fact sheet public health fact sheet keep wounds clean, and keep drainage away from other people and surfaces. Structural and functional map of a bacterial nucleoid. Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. Structure and its composition bacteriology is the study of bacteria. Bacteria have been grouped into prokaryotic, which means absence of. Using theses bacterial culture techniques students discover and isolate the bacteria present around us. Many scientists have spent their lives studying it. Bar chart showing percentage occurrence of bacterial isolates in iced smoked fish. Types bacteria bacteria classified into 5 stock illustration.
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